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An Institutional Review Board (IRB) can waive the requirement for informed consent under specific conditions, one of which includes scenarios where the research involves minimal risk to participants and the waiver does not adversely affect their rights and welfare. This is grounded in ethical research principles that balance the need for participant protection against the necessity of conducting certain types of studies effectively.

When the research poses minimal risk, it implies that the potential harm or discomfort to participants is not greater than what they would encounter in their everyday lives. Additionally, for the waiver to be granted, it must also be ensured that the waiver does not negatively impact the subjects' rights or impair their ability to provide informed consent in any way. This is crucial in maintaining ethical standards in research, emphasizing the respect for individuals participating in studies.

The other options do not accurately represent the conditions under which informed consent can be waived. The idea of no risk might seem appealing, but it does not align with the nuanced understanding of research ethics that allows for waivers in specific circumstances related to minimal risk. Additionally, approval from an ethical committee or prior information to participants does not meet the criteria for waiving informed consent, as these factors do not directly relate to the protection of participants' welfare during the research study.